Pityogenes is a genus of typical bark beetles in the family curculionidae. Mitochondrial and nuclear markers for analyzing the. National institutes of health the european molecular biology laboratory state secretariat for education, research and innovation seri. This species is of a high importance in young stands weakened by defoliators, where can occur and cause damage itself.
Structureactivity studies on aggregation pheromone. Sixtoothed spruce bark beetle pityogenes chalcographus sixtoothed spruce bark beetle pityogenes chalcographus is an insect pest. Sixtoothed spruce bark beetle, pityogenes chalcographus. Pityogenes chalcographus prefers thinbarked parts of trees, such as upper parts of the trunk or branches. Using semiochemicals for coleopterean pests in sustainable.
However, during drought periods, it can cause significant damages to young stands, and could become more aggressive wherever windthrown trees or large stocks of attractive logs are left in the forest. The seasonal development of physiological features underlying gradual acquisition of relatively high cold tolerance in overwintering adults of the bark beetles, pityogenes chalcographus was described. Curculionidae is a widespread bark beetle in eurasia. Structureactivity studies on aggregation pheromone components ofpityogenes chalcographus coleoptera.
Scolytinae is a widely distributed pest in europe, infesting mainly norway spruce picea abies as well as other conifer species such as pinus sp. Pityogenes chalcographus linnaeus, 1758 is a significant pest of young spruce stands up to the age of about 20 years. Pityogenes chalcographus linnaeus, 1760 coleoptera. Adw doesnt cover all species in the world, nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe. The pherobase is the world largest database of behaviour modifying chemicals and much more valuable resources in chemistry and biology.
The significance of lenticels for successful pityogenes. Sympatric occurrence of diverged mtdna lineages of pityogenes. Distributor for products for forest insect pests in canada and us except colorado. Scolytidae all stereoisomers of chalcogran and methyl 2,4decadienoate john a. The beetle develops in the thin bark and sapwood of young, slender, and enfeebled conifers. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Usually, this beetle infests weakened hosts, for example, trees damaged by wind or snow, or after logging operations. Pityogenes chalcographus is one of the major pests in eurasian spruce stands and, besides others, the beetles ability to aggregate facilitates periodical mass outbreaks. Predation can be a significant part of decreasing its population density. Ips typographus and pityogenes chalcographus are two sympatric palearctic bark beetle species with wide distribution ranges.
Aug 24, 2007 for the first time, a synthesis on the research work done in europe on all bark and wood boring insects in living trees bawbilt is presented. Effect of the foliage of different pine species on the development and on the oviposition of the pine sawfly diprion pini l. Adults and propagative juveniles of the nematode are found in larval galleries of the sixtoothed spruce bark beetle, pityogenes chalcographus, while its dauer juveniles aggregate in malpighian tubules of older larvae, pupae and adult beetles. Registration is free and will only take a few minutes. The smaller european spruce bark beetle or sixspined spruce bark beetle is represented in the picture at left. The book deals with the biology and ecology of acarines, hemipteroids, cole. As both species are comparable in biology, life history, and habitat, including sharing the same host, picea abies, they provide.
Orientation of bark beetles pityogenes chalcographus and ips. Ips typographus, pityophthorus micrographus, polygraphus poligraphus, and tomicus piniperda. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book without typos from the publisher. Sympatric occurrence of diverged mtdna lineages of pityogenes chalcographus coleoptera, scolytinae in europe article pdf available in biological journal of the linnean society 942. The proposed algorithm was inspired by the aggregation behavior of pityogenes chalcographus coleoptera, scolytinae, also known as sixtoothed spruce bark beetle. Pityogenes chalcographus normally concentrates on weakened and unhealthy trees. Chemical compounds involved in plant defense can act in several facts. In this study we tested whether pityogenes chalcographus l. This beetle has the ability to infest large forest areas starting from a single brood colony, employing a strategy that is more or less common among the species of ipini tribe 22. Morphology, taxonomy, and phylogenetics of bark beetles. Pityogenes chalcographus linnaeus, 1761 references edit arthofer, w. Beetle colonisation tests on breeding logs resulted in 93. Divergent evolutionary histories of two sympatric spruce bark beetle species.
In that, separate plant species produce different chemical molecules. Herbivores can damage plant productivity and fitness because plants have improved defense mechanisms such as physical barriers, association with other organisms such as ants, and chemical defense. Crossing experiments performed in the mid 1970ies showed differences in reproductive compatibility when insects from various geographic origins were mated. On use of a new chiral separating phase, complexation gas chromatography effectively resolved the synthetic aggregation pheromone of pityogenes chalcographus on a nickel ii bisr. This page was last edited on 18 february 2016, at 08. Observations on the biology and the distribution are presented and discussed. Pleistocene climate cycling and host plant association. Norway spruce is the preferred host but fir, douglasfir, pine and other spruce species are also be attacked. Orientation of bark beetles pityogenes chalcographus and ips typographus to pheromone baited puddle traps placed in grids. Although often specific to a tree genus or species, some bark beetles are polyphagous and have the ability to switch on to new hosts and extend their host range i. Though we edit our accounts for accuracy, we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts. Ecology and management of the spruce bark beetle ips.
Pityogenes chalcographus sixtoothed spruce bark beetls. Text is available under the creative commons attributionsharealike license. Read, highlight, and take notes, across web, tablet, and phone. Access to the pherobase require registration, please register to have immediate access and avoid this delay. Divergent evolutionary histories of two sympatric spruce. It is a native of europe and asia and was first detected in maryland in 2007.
State regulated list this map identifies those states that list this species on their regulated list. Pitfalls in applying mitochondrial markers onto the scolytid species pityogenes chalcographus wolfgang arthofer 1 dimitrios n. Mitochondrial phylogenies in the light of pseudogenes and wolbachia. The cork cambium also undergoes anticlinal divisions to increase in circumference. In a second step the resin canal system, which is important for defence against bark beetles, was investigated under lenticels and under lenticelfree periderm. Angewandte chemie international edition in english. There are more than 30 described species in pityogenes. The results indicate that the shaded and fairly uniform logging residues from thinning are probably of minor importance for the conservation of saproxylic beetles, but their presence might increase the risk of certain pest outbreaks particularly, pityogenes chalcographus. Laboratory studies were carried out in the german federal republic in which individuals from allopatric populations of the spruce pest pityogenes chalcographus l. In this paper we study one of the most important bark beetles of spruce, namely the sixspined spruce bark beetle pityogenes chalcographus l.
Pity beetle algorithm a new metaheuristic inspired by. As final product of a fouryear research project gathering together 100 scientists from 24 countries, the book is the fruit of a real collective synthesis in which all european specialists have participated. Pityogenes chalcographus is an oligophagous bark beetle, feeding in tree species of a few genera within the plant family pinaceae 6, and host specialization has also been proposed to drive. This monograph, a set of 2 volumes places greater emphasis on the biology, behavior, and evolution of the gallinducing arthropod and of associated organisms. Reproductive incompatibility in pityogenes chalcographus. Isolation of pheromone synergists of a bark beetles, pityogenes chalcographus, from complex insectplant odors by fractionation and subtractivecombination bioassay. Miller 3 christian stauffer 1 abstract pityogenes chalcographus is one of the major pests in eurasian spruce stands. Reproductive incompatibility in pityogenes chalcographus a. The animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students. For the first time, a synthesis on the research work done in europe on all bark and wood boring insects in living trees bawbilt is presented. Turner and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at. The first records in norway of pityogenes saalasi eggers.
Molecular genetics of parasitic protozoa current communications in cell and molecular biology by mervyn j. Mitochondrial phylogenies in the light of pseudogenes and. Some spiroacetals are insect pheromones 2s,5r2ethyl1,6dioxaspiro4. The new species is characterised by the body length of 719. The relationships between pityogenes chalcographus and. As the stem continues to increase in diameter, the older i. Reproductive manipulators in the bark beetle pityogenes. Isolation of pheromone synergists of bark beetle, pityogenes chalcographus, from complex insectplant odors by fractionation and subtractivecombination bioassay. The cork cambium may initially arise in certain areas of the axis but eventually becomes continuous around the stem or root. Biology and chemical ecology of pityogenes chalcographus coleoptera. Biology, ecology, and evolution of gallinducing arthropods. Sperm polyploidy by interpopulation hybridisation in. Crossing experiments performed in the mid1970s suggested.
Byers pheromone research group department of ecology, animal ecology lurid university s223 62 lund, sweden. Here for the first time, distinguished physiologists and paleontologists combine talents to examine the ecology and biology of mammallike reptiles from primitive reptile states through transition to mammals. Bark and wood boring insects in living trees in europe, a. The aim of the research was to determine the relationships between captured p. The response of ips typographus, ips duplicatus and pityogenes chalcographus adults to combinations of their synthetic aggregation pheromones in field tests nicolai olenici, alexandra ispravnic, iulian danila, mihaileonard duduman, valentina olenici. The european spruce bark beetle has a significant impact on both the ecological and economic environment of norway spruce forests. Apennines as a cryptic pleistocene refugium of the bark. Pityogenes chalcographus a beetle of the family scolytidae bark beetles. Scolytinae was reported to express partial, unidirectional crossing incompatibilities among certain european. The six toothed bark beetle, pityogenes chalcographus l. Isolation of pheromone synergists of a bark beetles. Chemical plant defense against herbivores intechopen. Pityogenes chalcographus was the most frequently intercepted, and i. Pityogenes chalcographus coleoptera, scolytinae at the.
The results supported the hypothesis that such crosses can result in an increase in frequency of polyploid sperms in the f1. Prior to overwintering, the beetles accumulated carbohydrate reserves in the form of glycogen and trehalose. Pityogenes chalcographus is an oligophagous bark beetle, feeding in tree species of a few genera within the plant family pinaceae 6, and host specialization has also been proposed to drive population differentiation. This page was last edited on 15 november 2016, at 01. The potential use of such incompatibility which was physical, not behavioural for biological control is. Bark beetle species within the scolytid genera dendroctonus, ips, pityogenes and tomicus are known to cause extensive ecological and economical damage in spruce and pine forests during epidemic outbreaks all around the world. Social biology of the neotropical wasp mischocyttarus drewseni bulletin of the museum of comparative zoology jeanne, robert l on. The occurrence of earlyarriving saproxylic beetles on. Sitooted srce ar eete pityogenes chalcographus linnaeus coeotera 2 scoytinae sorting pityogenes chalcographus funnel traps should be sorted initially for the presence of beetles of the appropriate size color and shape. Bulletin volume 164166 new york state museum of history on. It often occurs together with ips typographus and infests the upper part of trees, while i.
Scolytidae the smaller european spruce bark beetle or sixspined spruce bark beetle is represented in the picture at left. Phylogeographic analysis of european pityogenes chalcographus populations revealed a deep genetic structure between the most diverged haplotypes with three major clades and an estimated divergence time of 100,000 years before present avtzis et al. Pheromones and semiochemicals of pityogenes chalcographus. This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text.
Pityogenes chalcographus might harbor an ancient wolbachia infection that might have been lost over time making it unlikely that this endosymbiont infection affects the reproduction of this bark beetle arthofer et al. Influence on egg laying and interspecific variability of some active secondary compounds. Pitfalls in applying mitochondrial markers onto the. Pityogenes chalcographus sixtoothed spruce bark beetle.
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